Sleeping on a Japanese futon (布団) is a quintessential experience when visiting Japan, and many people fall in love with this humble, yet elegant sleeping solution that can be packed away when not in use.
In Japan, the futon has been used for centuries as a traditional sleeping arrangement. While the concept of portable sleeping mats in Japan dates back to the Nara/Heian Periods in the 8th–12th century, these rudimentary straw mats only became what is known as tatami and futon once cotton became more affordable in the Edo Period (1603–1868).
Unlike Western-style mattresses, futons are designed to be folded and stored during the day, maximizing space in small living areas, and allowing a room to shift easily between sleeping, working and living space.
A traditional Japanese futon set consists of:
- Shikibuton (敷布団) – The bottom mattress, filled with cotton, wool, or synthetic fibers. High-quality versions like the one we sell at WAZA use only layers of cotton for breathability and firm support.
- Kakebuton (掛布団) – A thick, quilted duvet for warmth, often filled with cotton or down.
- Makura (枕) – A small pillow, traditionally filled with buckwheat hulls (sobagara) for neck support.
Futons are designed to be placed directly on tatami mats, which provide cushioning and moisture regulation. They are aired out regularly (often in sunlight) to prevent mould and maintain freshness. You can read more about tatami mats in our article HERE.
How a Futon Is Made
Futon-making remains a meticulous, handcrafted art. The mattress is formed by layering cotton batting evenly, compressing it into a flat rectangle and encasing it in sturdy cotton fabric, typically in subtle, nature-inspired colours or prints. The outer cover and cotton layers are stitching together with evenly spaced tacks—these are the small dimples you’ll often see dotting the surface.
Traditional futons are still often handmade using artisanal techniques. Below are some images provided from our supplier, Takaokaya Futon in Kyoto on their key process steps, which comprise Cutting >> Sewing >> Stuffing >> Finishing.
Cutting
Each customer can choose their own style and colour of fabric. We also offer this custom service at WAZA to our futon customers.
Stitching
For long term durability it is important to carefully stitch the shikibuton's inner cover (which is stuffed with cotton).
Stuffing
Years of experience and attention to detail is required o ensure each futon is stuffed right to each corner. Cotton batting is layered evenly for softness and breathability and compressed and shaped into a rectangular form.
Tacking and Finishing
Hand-sewn stitches are made through the mattress to hold the layers in place. These are visible as symmetrical tufts. The futon is folded in its distinct S-shape before packed for shipping.
Benefits of Sleeping on a Futon
Sleeping on the floor is not for everyone, but for those who want the complete futon experience, it offers various benefits:
- Space Efficiency – Futons are easily stored, ideal for small rooms.
- Firm Support – A firmer sleeping surface can promote better posture and reduce back pain. It is, however, very important to receive medical advice from a qualified doctor on this, as it differs from person to person.
- Breathability – A traditional futon made from natural materials allows better breathability than synthetic materials.
- Portability – Futon are lightweight and easy to move, since they are typically made for one person to sleep on.
- Japanese aesthetic – The use of futon can fit in very well with a home that has a Japanese design sensibility.
The use of futon as supplementary bedding for guests is also a very useful application, since a spare bed doesn't need to take up permanent space in a room.
Maker Profile: Takaokaya
In the heart of Kyoto, one company has made it their mission to preserve and evolve the futon making tradition: Takaokaya. Founded in 1919, Takaokaya is a family-run futon atelier that continues to make its products by hand, using techniques passed down through generations. What sets them apart is their commitment to kutsurogi—a Japanese word that roughly translates to deep, mindful relaxation. Their futons and cushions, including their distinctive zabuton floor cushions and Ojami meditation cushion, combine a modern look and feel with traditional Japanese design motifs.
As Koichiro Takaoka, third generation CEO explains the company's ethos:
People in Japan are re-evaluating their lifestyle and what matters most to them. While mass production as brought benefit, something is missing. That is heart and soul. If we use products made with heart and soul, then our lives will be made much, much richer and more meaningful!
The workshop floor at Takaokaya in Kyoto. Photo: WAZA Japan Store
Futon Care Guide: How to maintain your Japanese futon
A traditional Japanese futon can last for decades if properly cared for. Since it’s made of natural materials, regular maintenance prevents mould, dust mites, and odours. Here’s how to keep your futon fresh and supportive:
1. Daily & Weekly Care
- Air it out daily – If possible, fold and store your futon in a closet during the day to let the tatami (or floor) breathe.
- Sunlight exposure (1-2x per week) – Sun-drying kills bacteria, prevents moisture build-up, and keeps filling fluffy. The best time is during morning sun, to avoid excessive midday heat, for 2-3 hours per side.
2. Monthly & Seasonal Deep Cleaning
- Beat the dust out (monthly) – Gently beat the futon with a futon beater (or a clean tennis racket) to remove dust and redistribute filling.
- Spot clean stains – Use a damp cloth with mild soap (never soak!). For stubborn stains, professional cleaning is best.
- Vacuum occasionally – Use a handheld vacuum with a soft brush attachment to remove surface dust.
3. Storage Tips (if not in use)
- Fold neatly & store in a dry place – Use a breathable cotton storage bag (avoid plastic, which traps moisture).
- Add anti-humidity packs – Silica gel or charcoal dehumidifiers prevent mould in humid climates.
- Rotate & refold occasionally – Prevents permanent creases and keeps filling even.
4. Long-Term Maintenance
- Fluff & rotate regularly – Shake and flip the futon weekly to prevent lumps.
- Avoid moisture & humidity – If living in a humid area, use a dehumidifier or air conditioner to prevent mould.
By following these steps, your futon will stay clean, supportive, and comfortable for years. As WAZA we are very proud to offer this uniquely Japanese product to South Africans.
